Articles, book chapters, reports, and journalism authored by Yonah Freemark are listed below. A full list of work at the Urban Institute is available on its website, as is work at The Transport Politic and at Metropolitan Planning Council. Yonah Freemark’s Google Scholar profile and ORCID.
Will Curran-Groome, Yonah Freemark, and Andrew Whittemore, “Home on a Highway: How Zoning, Housing Development, and Highway Construction Shape Pollution Exposure,” accepted for publication in Journal of Urban Affairs.
Yonah Freemark and Rolf Pendall, “Housing vacancy in U.S. metro areas: A three-decade retrospective.”
Yonah Freemark, “How are world cities growing around their transit systems?”
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The Paradox of Housing Supply Growth: Conservative Sprawl and Liberal Infill in the 21st-Century United States
Yonah Freemark (2026). Housing Policy Debate. Online pre-print. DOI
Examining housing supply change across US cities, counties, and metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2020, Freemark finds that new supply was disproportionately located in sparsely developed greenfield areas in higher-income, ideologically conservative places — typically in the Sunbelt and in states with Republican-led legislatures. Houston and Phoenix grew far faster than New York or Seattle. Infill growth ran the other way: slower overall, but more likely in liberal cities, counties, and metros outside the Sunbelt, and at higher densities, so residents of many liberal areas live near more new housing than those in conservative ones. The paradox suggests liberal cities may enable more infill than expected, while the greater visibility of that construction may also explain the vocal local opposition new projects face.
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Building an Effective Transit Workforce: Creating the Conditions for Excellent Transit Service
Lindiwe Rennert, William J. Congdon, Yipeng Su, Afia Adu-Gyamfi, and Yonah Freemark, April 22, 2026, Urban Institute
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Communities Across the Nation Want to Add Housing. Which Metropolitan Areas Are Adding the Most?
Yonah Freemark, June 16, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire
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Congress Has Finally Passed Major Housing Reform. The Real Work Starts Now
Aniket Mehrotra, Yonah Freemark, and Todd Hill, June 30, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire
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Congress’s Transportation Reauthorization Bill Would Drastically Underfund Transit and Rail Projects
Yonah Freemark, June 11, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire
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How Affordable Housing Contributes to Local Economies and Tax Revenues: Jobs, Growth, and Income Generated by Low Income Housing Tax Credit Projects in Oklahoma
Jorge Gonzalez-Hermoso, Yonah Freemark, and Katie Fallon, April 30, 2026, Urban Institute
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How Big Upzonings Affect Housing Supply: An Examination of Recent Regulatory Reforms on Construction and Permitting in New York City and Philadelphia
Yipeng Su, Will Curran-Groome, and Yonah Freemark, April 15, 2026, Urban Institute
Proponents of upzoning—the process of reforming land-use laws to increase the scale of potential new construction—argue that cities should change their policies to allow greater housing density, which in turn can lead to more housing development and make homes more affordable. Many cities have upzoned neighborhoods to encourage greater housing supply, but whether and to what extent these upzonings generate more housing is not yet resolved. In this report, we explore how housing investment in New York City and Philadelphia changed over the past 15 years after the introduction of major zoning changes.
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How Upzoning Affects Housing Supply: Evidence and Implications for Designing Zoning Reform That Works
Yipeng Su, Yonah Freemark, and Will Curran-Groome, June 1, 2026, Urban Institute Housing Matters
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How Will Congress’s Proposed Cuts to Transit Funding Affect Your State and Congressional District?
Yonah Freemark, Amanda Hermans, Tomi Rajninger, Gabe Samuels, July 13, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire
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How Zoning Fits into a National Housing Affordability Strategy
Yonah Freemark, March 3, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire.
Two major housing bills before Congress — the Senate's 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act and the House's Housing for the 21st Century Act — would use land-use policy to expand housing supply through HUD best-practice guidelines, permitting and planning grants, and a formula rewarding or penalizing CDBG recipients based on recent housing growth. Freemark analyzes HUD and Census data to project which communities would gain and lose, finding that some of the biggest projected losers have histories of resisting construction in well-resourced neighborhoods. He argues the bills' effectiveness is limited by HUD's recent job and budget cuts, by the omission of a provision tying transit funding to prohousing policy along proposed routes, and by CDBG's small scale — the median community earning a bonus would receive roughly $55,000 a year. He recommends conditioning larger federal transportation assistance on housing growth and investing directly in new supply.
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Integrating Affordable Housing in Market-Rate Developments: Approaches to Achieving Inclusionary Housing in Washington, DC
Yonah Freemark, Thomas Brosy, and Teddy Maginn (2026). Urban Institute.
Washington, DC's inclusionary zoning program has produced more than 2,600 affordable units over the past decade, concentrated in neighborhoods with good job access and amenities. Accounting for both public and private costs, the authors find IZ is likely more expensive than alternatives such as buying existing units and enforcing rent limits, because affordable units must be built into new construction and the cross-subsidy can complicate financing. They model an alternative letting developers either provide units on site or accept higher property taxes, with the revenue subsidizing affordability in existing buildings in high-opportunity neighborhoods. That approach could yield substantially more affordable units in the short to medium term, though it would be harder to administer.
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Maximizing State and Local Resources to Address Oklahoma’s Housing Needs
Yonah Freemark, Katie Fallon, Diane K. Levy, Daniel Pang, Leah Hendey, and Jorge González-Hermoso (2026). Urban Institute.
Oklahoma home prices and rents have risen substantially faster than incomes over the past decade, and none of the state's large counties has enough affordable and available housing for low-income households. Assessing the state's affordable housing subsidies and economic development incentives, the authors find that federal support for deeply affordable units has declined per capita even as LIHTC investment has grown. Several state programs, often because of legislative requirements, concentrate investment disproportionately in rural areas where a minority of residents live. The state has also struggled to use the 4 percent LIHTC program, forgoing roughly $500 million in bond cap, and a disproportionate share of its LIHTC units sits in lower-income areas.
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Rail Transit Development Hasn’t Kept Up with US Population Growth. Here’s How Policymakers Can Expand Access
Yonah Freemark, March 9, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire
In 1990 four of the world's fourteen longest metro networks were in the United States; today none are. Adjusted for population, the US operates 7 percent fewer kilometers of metro line than in 1990 — fewer per capita than any other G7 nation — and state and local spending on urban rail construction fell from about $16 billion in 2021 to $7 billion in 2025, the lowest in at least fifteen years. Freemark notes that the Federal Transit Administration has signed no new Capital Investment Grant agreements since January 2025, breaking a pattern held by every administration since at least 1993, while seeking to revoke funding from projects already awarded. He recommends Congress prioritize rail in the coming reauthorization, restore funding to projects with signed agreements, and help applicants reach agreements faster before delays raise costs.
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Rising Gas Prices Are Punishing Household Finances. Policymakers Should Invest in Transit to Reduce Household Costs.
Yonah Freemark, September 29, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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The US Spends More Time and Money Building Transit Than Most Countries. Inefficient Community Engagement May Help Explain Why
Christina Plerhoples Stacy, Gabe Samuels, and Yonah Freemark, April 20, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire
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To Deliver Quality Transit Service, Agencies Must Invest in Workforce Recruitment and Retention
Yonah Freemark, Yipeng Su, and William J. Congdon, April 30, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire
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Toolbox for Navigating the Land-Use Impacts of the Automated Vehicle Ecosystem
Yonah Freemark, Christina Plerhoples Stacy, Jorge González-Hermoso, Sebastian Castellanos, Jyot Chadha, Justyn Huckleberry, Leah Lazer, Alexis Robinson, and Breanne Kroehler (2026). Urban Institute/National Academies of Science.
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Tracking Transit-Oriented Housing Development
Yonah Freemark, June 4, 2026, Urban Institute
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Transit-Oriented Development Can Help Cities Grow. Which Urban Areas Are Doing Best?
Yonah Freemark, June 4, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire
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What Happens When ICE Detention Facilities Conflict with Land-Use Rules Designed to Promote the Public’s Interest?
Yonah Freemark, Will Curran-Groome, Lydia Lo, Jorge González-Hermoso, and Rick Su, February 20, 2026. Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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What Made Zoning Reforms in Philadelphia and New York City Impactful?
Will Curran-Groome, Yonah Freemark, and Yipeng Su, June 1, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire
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Which Neighborhoods Have Added the Most Housing Units in the Past Five Years?
Yonah Freemark, June 18, 2026, Urban Institute Urban Wire
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A Bolder Development Strategy for a Crowded New York
Yonah Freemark. Vital City, June 10, 2026.
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One big reason nobody’s walking to school anymore: How to end the dreaded carpool line
Emily Hamilton and Yonah Freemark, September 11, 2026, The Argument
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Downzoning Chicago: How Local Land Use Policy Has Reduced Housing Construction and Reinforced Segregation
Yonah Freemark and George Kisiel (2025). Findings November. DOI
Postwar US cities used downzoning to limit construction, often to preserve neighborhood aesthetics and protect property values. Analyzing parcel-level data on Chicago downzonings from 1970 to 2016 alongside tract-level census data, Freemark and Kisiel find the city downzoned more often in tracts with higher housing values. Using fixed-effects regressions on comparable study groups, they find downzoned areas saw housing supply decline while housing values and white population shares rose. North Side and downtown tracts downzoned between 1970 and 1990 gained only 65 housing units on average between 1990 and 2010, against 470 in tracts that were not downzoned — seven times as many. Downzoning has reduced housing availability in high-demand neighborhoods while reinforcing class and racial segregation.
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How Municipalities Exploit Their De Facto Power to Manage Metropolitan Planning Through Mutual Deference
Yonah Freemark (2025). Urban Affairs Review 61(3): 772–806. DOI
Transportation infrastructure is typically planned by states, regional bodies, or public authorities, yet its effects land locally, giving city governments a strong interest in shaping projects. Through case studies of six rail transit projects in France and the United States, Freemark shows that local governments deprived of de jure jurisdiction still exert de facto power by drawing on the widely shared view of their democratic legitimacy. They amplify that power through intermunicipal alliances spanning ideologically dissimilar cities, held together by mutual deference — an agreement to support, or at least not oppose, a neighbor's position so long as it poses no threat to one's own needs.
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Mobility risk: using ambulance operations data to analyze the spatial and social dimensions of health disadvantage
Mark Brennan, Sophia Dyer, Yonah Freemark, James Salvia, Laura Segal, Erin Serino, and Justin Steil (2025). Cities and Health. Online early release. DOI
Pedestrian and cyclist injuries and fatalities have risen in the United States over the past decade, and exposure to that risk is distributed inequitably along racial lines. Using ambulance service data from Boston, the authors show that crashes involving pedestrians and cyclists are much more common in communities of color than in predominantly non-Hispanic white communities. They further show that residents of communities of color are disproportionately exposed to pedestrian injury even outside the neighborhoods where they live, with the pattern strongest for residents of majority-Black neighborhoods. The authors argue cities and states should target street safety investment accordingly.
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Politics in affordable housing provision: How partisan control of local councils influences planning choices
Yonah Freemark (2025). Urban Studies 62(5): 891–908. DOI
Social housing investment varies enormously between cities within the same country, raising the question of how much of that variation is produced by local politics. Examining social housing in major development projects across hundreds of municipalities in the Paris region, Freemark finds that cities with left-wing councils plan for social-housing shares 7 to 11 percentage points higher than cities with right-wing or centrist councils — controlling for residents' own ideology, preexisting social housing, and community demographics. Regression discontinuity tests on close elections confirm the result. Voter preferences matter, but the partisanship of elected officials independently explains much of the variation in what gets approved.
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The Pernicious Effects of Uncertainty on Municipal Climate Action
Daniel L. Engelberg, Anne Hudson, Yonah Freemark, Joanna Moody, and Jinhua Zhao (2025). Urban Affairs Review 62(1): 181–224. DOI
City climate policy is made under deep uncertainty: decarbonization efforts often have little precedent, and adaptation planning relies on climate science that is imprecise at the urban scale. Surveying mayors and city councilors in every US city over 100,000 residents — 245 respondents — and analyzing the results with structural equation modeling, the authors find that uncertainty has a significant negative relationship with officials' propensity to support climate policy, including among Democrats and progressives. The effect is largely direct rather than working through perceived urgency. Officials' assessment of climate impacts on their own city mattered more than uncertainty in explaining willingness to act, and policies with obvious co-benefits, such as street trees and elevated critical systems, drew more cross-party support than measures framed explicitly around emissions.
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What Is a Housing Shortage?
Yonah Freemark (2025). Housing Policy Debate 35(1): 64–74. DOI
Against critics who argue the United States faces no housing shortage beyond that for extremely low-income renters, Freemark makes the case for continued emphasis on expanding supply. He shows that adding housing stock is associated with more units per additional resident, and that rising supply correlates with slower growth in housing costs. He notes that other factors, particularly household income growth, likely matter more in explaining affordability. He also questions the use of metropolitan geographies as the right scale for studying affordability, given the history of segregation and uneven access to opportunity.
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Advancing Pro-Housing Land-Use Policy at the State Level: A Review of Recent Experience and Recommendations for Strategies
Lydia Lo, Annie Rosenow, and Yonah Freemark (2025). Urban Institute.
As of 2023, 144 state-level bills altering land-use regulation had passed, and more than 400 were introduced in the first half of 2025 alone — yet many fail for want of preparation. Drawing on 48 bills from the 2023–24 session and interviews with 31 legislators and participants, the authors find that pro-housing bills are proposed under both Democratic and Republican majorities, with recent ones more often sponsored by Democrats; the partisan split usually reflects polarized in-group dynamics rather than housing being a single-party issue. State leagues of cities and counties wield significant influence, able to improve legislation or sink it. The fault lines dividing supporters from opponents tend to follow rural/urban and wealthy/poor constituencies rather than party, and sponsors can ease passage with pilot programs, opt-in menus, geographic limits, numerical targets, or pairing production bills with anti-displacement measures.
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Affordable Housing and Transit
Philip Plotch, Sohail Husain, Yonah Freemark, and Lindiwe Rennert (2025). Transit Cooperative Research Program. (Paper was never formally formatted because the National Academies of Sciences, fearful of the Trump Administration, refused to finalize it in early 2025.)
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Aging Libraries Could Offer Cities a Unique Opportunity to Build New Housing While Improving Public Services
Yonah Freemark (2025). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Are Federal Broadband Investments Meeting the Need?: A Snapshot of Recent Federal Broadband Funding
Amanda Hermans, Teddy Maginn, Yonah Freemark, Gabe Samuels, Tomi Rajninger, and Sam Lieberman (2025). Urban Institute.
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Are Federal Climate-Resilience Investments Meeting the Need?: A Review of Recent Federal Resiliency Funding
Amanda Hermans, Yonah Freemark, Gabe Samuels, Tomi Rajninger, Sam Lieberman, and Teddy Maginn (2025). Urban Institute.
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Are Federal Energy Grid Investments Meeting the Need?: A Review of Recent Federal Energy Grid Funding
Amanda Hermans, Sam Lieberman, Gabe Samuels, Yonah Freemark, Tomi Rajninger, and Teddy Maginn (2025). Urban Institute.
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Are Federal Infrastructure Dollars Meeting Your Community’s Needs?
Yonah Freemark, Amanda Hermans, Gabe Samuels, Tomi Rajninger, Sam Lieberman, Teddy Maginn, Mel Langness, and David Blount (2025). Urban Institute.
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Are Federal Urban Development and Housing Investments Meeting the Need?: A Review of US Department of Housing and Urban Development Funding
Yonah Freemark, Gabe Samuels, Tomi Rajninger, Amanda Hermans, Sam Lieberman, and Teddy Maginn (2025). Urban Institute.
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Cutting Federal Transit Funding Won’t Fix Budget Shortfalls. But It Would Make Transportation Less Affordable for Americans
Yonah Freemark (2025). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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DOT’s Plan to Distribute Funding by Birth and Marriage Rates Would Leave Communities Most In Need Behind
Yonah Freemark and Lindiwe Rennert (2025). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Federal Infrastructure Spending on Transportation, Four Years after the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
Yonah Freemark and Gabe Samuels (2025). Urban Institute.
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Generating Affordable and Abundant Transit-Oriented Development in Washington State: A Review of Current Practice and Recommendations for the Future
Yonah Freemark, Kate Howe, Daniel Kennedy, Lydia Lo, and Teddy Maginn (2025). Urban Institute.
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Guide to Identify and Mitigate the Negative Effects of Gentrification Caused by Transportation Investment
Yonah Freemark, Lindiwe Rennert, Noah McDaniel, Yipeng Su, Nicholas Finio, Chester Harvey, Gerrit Knaap, Casey Dawkins, Sheila Somashekhar, Laura Cabral, Mia Candy, Sarah Gutschow, Stefanie Brodie, Jeffery Rosenblum, Anish Taylor, Sarah Grossi, and Kaylyn Levine (2025). National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
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How Are Federal Transportation Investments Being Distributed?: A Review of Recent Federal Surface Transportation Funding
Yonah Freemark, Gabe Samuels, Amanda Hermans, Tomi Rajninger, Sam Lieberman, and Teddy Maginn (2025). Urban Institute.
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How Does the Federal Government Support Housing? An Overview of Federal Supports for Housing Finance, Construction, and Affordability
Yonah Freemark and Amanda Hermans (2025). Urban Institute.
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HUD Supports Affordable Housing Nationwide. Layoffs and Budget Cuts Will Undermine That Mission
Yonah Freemark, Amanda Hermans, and Tomi Rajninger (2025). Urban Institute.
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In Most Regions, Metropolitan Planning Boards Overrepresent Homeowners and Drivers
Yonah Freemark and Lydia Lo (2025). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Mandating Density Near Transit: Practices by States and Provinces in the United States and Canada to Direct Housing Growth to Transit Areas
Yonah Freemark, Lydia Lo, and Yipeng Su (2025). Urban Institute.
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Metropolitan Planning Organizations Make Decisions About Transportation Options Nationwide, but They Rarely Represent All Their Constituents
Yonah Freemark and Lydia Lo (2025). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Moving Toward Transit-Oriented Development in Nashville: Opportunities for Transit-Adjacent Housing in a Changing Nashville
Yonah Freemark, Gabe Samuels, Sam Lieberman, and Karolina Ramos (2025). Urban Institute.
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Pedestrians and Cyclists Who Live in Communities of Color Face Disproportionate Exposure to Traffic Injury—Both in Their Neighborhoods and Elsewhere
Yonah Freemark, Mark Brennan, and Justin Steil (2025). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Planning for Housing in a Regional Context: Results from a Survey of Metropolitan Governance and Planning Organizations
Lydia Lo and Yonah Freemark (2025). Urban Institute.
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Small Apartment Buildings Can Help Address Housing Shortages, but High Land Costs and Interest Rates Are Limiting Construction
Yonah Freemark (2025). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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The Financial Feasibility of Transit-Oriented Development: Barriers and Opportunities for Expanding Housing Supply
Yonah Freemark, Lydia Lo, and Yipeng Su (2025). Urban Institute.
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The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act Promised a Shift in Infrastructure Funding Priorities. Did It Deliver?
Amanda Hermans, Tomi Rajninger, and Yonah Freemark (2025). Urban Institute.
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The Reauthorization of Federal Transportation Programs Offers Policymakers an Opportunity to Improve Effectiveness, Environmental Sustainability, and Access
Yonah Freemark, Amanda Hermans, Tomi Rajninger, and Gabe Samuels (2025). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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To Increase Investments in Transportation, Policymakers Must Account for Local Leaders’ Unofficial—but Powerful—Influence
Yonah Freemark (2025). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Tracking Transit-Oriented Development: Key Performance Indicators to Assess Progress in Creating Vibrant, Livable, and Affordable Communities Near Transit
Yonah Freemark, Yipeng Su, and Lydia Lo (2025). Urban Institute.
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Transit Ridership Hasn’t Recovered Since the Pandemic. What Can the US Learn from French Transit Systems?
Yonah Freemark (2025). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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New York City Needs a Two-Track Mind
Yonah Freemark. Vital City, September 17, 2025.
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Learning From German Publicly Led Development Strategies to Create Mixed-Income, Mixed-Use Development Projects
Yonah Freemark and Tarsi Dunlop (2024). Cityscape 26(2): 435–446.
German cities routinely deliver large development projects containing thousands of housing units apiece. Drawing on evidence from Berlin, Frankfurt, and Munich, Freemark and Dunlop identify the tools that make this possible: federal rules that freeze land costs, publicly owned land, and neighborhood-scale master planning integrated with transportation investment. Together these let cities assemble a mix of uses — schools, transportation, and housing — under a unified urban design. This publicly led model has helped each city respond to its own housing needs, and offers lessons for US practice.
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Making the City: The Contested Shaping of Urban Life through Transit Investments
Yonah Freemark (2024). Journal of Urban History; online pre-print.
A review essay covering five books on the history of urban transit.
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Breaking Barriers to Affordable and Abundant Housing: A German-US Comparison of Publicly Led Development Projects
Yonah Freemark (2024). German Marshall Fund.
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Highway Pollution Near Multifamily Homes Hurts Residents, but Zoning and Transportation Reform Could Help
Will Curran-Groome and Yonah Freemark (2024). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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How Cities Can Use Paris as a Model for Implementing Safer Street Infrastructure
Yonah Freemark (2024). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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How Policymakers Can Analyze Public Transit Investments to Increase Equity in Access to Employment
Alena Stern, Yonah Freemark, Christina Stacy, and Manuel Kovalski (2024). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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In Chicago, New Apartment Buildings Typically Require City Council Approval, Which May Delay Construction and Increase Costs
Yonah Freemark (2024). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Infrastructure Equity in Motion: A Review of the US Department of Transportation’s RAISE Grant Program from 2009 to 2024
Yonah Freemark, Amanda Hermans, Tomi Rajninger, Gabe Samuels, and Sam Lieberman (2024). Urban Institute.
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No Single Policy Will Increase Housing Affordability. We Need a Comprehensive Strategy
Yonah Freemark (2024). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Patterns of Sprawl in Fresno and the Central San Joaquin Valley: Confronting Past, Present, and Future Housing Development Trends
Yonah Freemark, Samantha Fu, Annie Rosenow, and Yipeng Su (2024). Urban Institute.
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Promoting Equitable Development in Communities: An Overview of Five Promising Strategies
Joseph Schilling, Samantha Fu, and Yonah Freemark (2024). Urban Institute.
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Reducing Transportation Emissions through Land-Use Policy and Investments
Yonah Freemark (2024). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Spurring Housing Development Near Transit through Federally Funded Land Acquisition
Yonah Freemark (2024). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Transit Stations along Highways Expose Riders to Pollution and Limit Development Opportunities
Yonah Freemark (2024). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Zoning Restrictions and Demand Have Divided Chicago into Three “Cities,” Limiting Housing Availability
Yonah Freemark (2024). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Room for Improvement: What New York’s Subway System Can Learn from Cities Around the World
Yonah Freemark. Vital City, October 2, 2024. (Also published in Streetsblog)
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Transportation Policy Gets Left Behind in Presidential Race
Yonah Freemark. City Lab, October 22, 2024.
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Land-use reforms and housing costs: Does allowing for increased density lead to greater affordability?
Christina Stacy, Christopher Davis, Yonah Freemark, Lydia Lo, Graham MacDonald, Vivian Zheng, and Rolf Pendall (2023). Urban Studies 60(14): 2919–40. DOI
The authors assemble the first cross-city panel dataset of land-use reforms, using machine learning over two decades of U.S. newspaper articles and manual coding, then merge it with postal address counts and Census data. Reforms that loosen restrictions are associated with a statistically significant 0.8 percent increase in housing supply within three to nine years. That increase occurs predominantly at the higher end of the rent distribution, with no statistically significant evidence that lower-cost units became more available or more affordable. Reforms that tighten restrictions and lower allowed densities show the opposite association.
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Promoting “orderly and sound growth:” 1960s debates over administering public transportation in service of mobility or regional planning
Yonah Freemark (2023). Journal of Urban History 49(3): 615–644. DOI
This article reconstructs debates inside the Kennedy and Johnson administrations over whether transit should be managed as part of the mobility system or as a tool of land-use planning. Interest in organizing metropolitan growth and concern about destructive road projects justified placing transit programs under national housing agencies beginning in 1961. Congress moved them to the Department of Transportation in 1968, which Freemark attributes to lingering racist and anti-urban sentiment about housing-agency programs serving low-income people, alongside highway officials' new attention to multi-modal work. The shift bifurcated and weakened federal planning oversight.
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Zoning Change: Upzonings, Downzonings, and Their Impacts on Residential Construction, Housing Costs, and Neighborhood Demographics
Yonah Freemark (2023). Journal of Planning Literature 38(4): 548–70. DOI
This review develops a framework for the sometimes contradictory links between zoning change and construction, prices, and neighborhood demographics. Assessing the existing scholarship, Freemark finds that upzonings deliver mixed results for housing production, affordability, and social integration, with outcomes depending on market demand, local context, housing type, and timing. Research on region-wide upzonings is still thin but points to more positive effects than parcel-level reforms. Downzonings, by contrast, consistently limit construction and worsen affordability.
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Rethinking local regulations governing housing production
Ingrid Gould Ellen, Yonah Freemark, and Jenny Schuetz (2023). In A Research Agenda for US Land Use and Planning Law, edited by John J. Infranca and Sarah Schindler. Edward Elgar Publishing. 133-152.
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Achieving Housing Abundance Near Transit
Yonah Freemark (2023). Terner Center at University of California–Berkeley.
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America Has a Housing Shortage. Zoning Changes Near Transit Could Help
Yonah Freemark, Lydia Lo, Olivia Fiol, Gabe Samuels, and Andrew Trueblood (2023). Urban Institute.
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Bringing Zoning into Focus: A Fine-Grained Analysis of Zoning’s Relationships to Housing Affordability, Income Distributions, and Segregation in Connecticut
Yonah Freemark, Lydia Lo, and Sara C. Bronin (2023). Urban Institute.
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Exclusionary Zoning Limits Opportunity by Concentrating Subsidized Housing in a Small Part of the Puget Sound Region
Yonah Freemark (2023). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Federal Infrastructure Funds Could Fill Gaps in Local Transit Accessibility
Yonah Freemark (2023). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Federal Support Could Help Reconnect Communities Divided by Highways—But More Funding Is Needed
Yonah Freemark, Tomi Rajninger, and Amanda Hermans (2023). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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How Federal Policymakers Can Promote Affordable Housing Production in Exclusionary Communities
Yonah Freemark (2023). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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How the Federal Government Could Expand Support for Local Housing Production
Yonah Freemark (2023). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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How to Better Leverage the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program for Affordable Rental Housing Production
Yonah Freemark and Corianne Scally (2023). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Incentivizing Housing Production: State Laws from across the Country to Encourage or Require Municipal Action
Shazia Manji, Truman Braslaw, Chae Kim, Elizabeth Kneebone, Carolina Reid, and Yonah Freemark (2023). Terner Center at University of California–Berkeley.
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Is Federal Infrastructure Investment Advancing Equity Goals? Examining How the Distribution of New Infrastructure Funding May Address Historic Racial and Economic Inequities
Yonah Freemark, Mel Langness, Amanda Hermans, Gabe Samuels, Tomi Rajninger, and David Blount (2023). Urban Institute.
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Leveraging Underused Transit Properties Could Produce More Affordable Housing
Jorge González-Hermoso and Yonah Freemark (2023). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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LIHTC Provides Much-Needed Affordable Housing, but Not Enough to Address Today’s Market Demands
Yonah Freemark and Corianne Scally (2023). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Making Room for Housing Near Transit: Zoning's Promise and Barriers: An Examination of Policy and Outcomes in the Puget Sound
Yonah Freemark, Lydia Lo, Olivia Fiol, Gabe Samuels, and Andrew Trueblood (2023). Urban Institute.
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Modeling the Effects of Land-Use Policy on Housing Construction in the Washington, DC, Region
Yonah Freemark (2023). Data @ Urban.
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Office Space Conversions Could Help Transit Agencies Regain Riders and Surmount Their Impending Fiscal Cliff
Lindiwe Rennert and Yonah Freemark (2023). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Steering Autonomous Vehicles Toward Equity: An Examination of the Potential for Ride-Hailed AVs to Fill Gaps in Transportation Access to Jobs and Public Amenities
Manuel Kovalski, Yonah Freemark, Christina Stacy, and Alena Stern (2023). Urban Institute.
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Surmounting the Fiscal Cliff: Identifying Stable Funding Solutions for Public Transportation Systems
Yonah Freemark and Lindiwe Rennert (2023). Urban Institute.
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The Potential for Supporting Low-Income Renters Through Transportation Spending: Under the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Beyond
Yonah Freemark, Riordan Frost, Carlos Martín, Jorge Morales-Burnett, and Francisco Montes (2023). Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University.
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Tracing the Money: Case Studies in the Budgetary and Zoning Policies of Exclusionary Municipalities
Luisa Godinez-Puig, Gabriella Garriga, and Yonah Freemark (2023). Urban Institute.
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Unifying Upzoning with Affordable Housing Production Strategies: Advancing Access to Housing in Washington State
Yonah Freemark, Rodrigo Garcia, Sam Lieberman, and Annie Rosenow (2023). Urban Institute.
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Who Makes Planning Choices? How Women, People of Color, and Renters Are Systematically Underrepresented on Land-Use Decisionmaking Bodies
Lydia Lo, Owen Noble, and Yonah Freemark (2023). Urban Institute.
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Federal and State Dollars Could Be Used to Force Change in Exclusionary Towns
Luisa Godinez-Puig, Gabriella Garriga, and Yonah Freemark. Shelterforce, March 23, 2023. Op-ed.
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How to Reform Zoning to Allow More Density Around Transit - And Meet Housing Demand
Yonah Freemark and Andrew Trueblood. Next City, February 7, 2023. Op-ed.
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Just Build the Homes: Public housing is ready to make a comeback
Daniel Denvir and Yonah Freemark. Slate, May 22, 2023. Op-ed.
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Housing Haussmann’s Paris: The Politics and Legacy of Second Empire Redevelopment
Yonah Freemark, A. Bliss, and Lawrence J. Vale (2022). Planning Perspectives 37(2): 293-317. DOI
Bringing archival documents together with 19th-century commentary and spatial analysis of a case-study site in the 13th arrondissement, the authors reassess Haussmann's housing policies. They argue the Second Empire's expropriation, clearance, and construction were motivated at least rhetorically by an interest in more and better housing at lower cost. They also show the projects did not only displace and recompose populations but sometimes reaffirmed existing demographic distributions or were built on greenfield land. Haussmann's legacy persists in both the rhetoric justifying present-day projects and, in some cases, the sites chosen for them.
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Local power and the location of subsidized renters in comparative perspective: Public support for low- and moderate-income households in the United States, France, and the United Kingdom
Yonah Freemark and Justin Steil (2022). Housing Studies 37(10): 1753–1781. DOI
Comparing metropolitan areas in the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, the authors analyze how power arrangements between national and local governments shape where subsidized renters live. U.S. metropolitan areas are distinctive in how many municipalities exclude subsidized renters altogether, leaving such housing disproportionately concentrated in areas with historically limited access to resources. The sheer number of municipalities in a region does not appear to drive this pattern; the ability of localities to exclude does.
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From Public Housing to Public-Private Housing: 75 Years of American Social Experimentation
Lawrence Vale and Yonah Freemark (2022). In The Affordable Housing Reader, 2nd Edition, edited by J. Rosie Tighe and Elizabeth J. Mueller. Abingdon: Routledge. Chapter 17.
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Multimodal Relationships: Shared and Autonomous Vehicles and High-Capacity Public Transit
Yonah Freemark, Neema Nassir, and Jinhua Zhao (2022). In Shared Mobility and Automated Vehicles, edited by Ata Khan and Susan Shaheen. London: IET Books. 119-144.
The chapter argues that no single mode provides the capacity to carry all people over all necessary distances with reasonable directness. Transportation network companies offer direct door-to-door service but limited capacity; conventional public transit offers high capacity but not directness. The authors expect autonomous vehicles to extend today's private automobile and ride-hailing system rather than resolve that dichotomy. They examine how shared and autonomous vehicles might instead be integrated with high-capacity transit.
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A Green New Deal for Transportation to Establish New Federal Investment Priorities and Build Just and Sustainable Communities
Yonah Freemark, Billy Fleming, Caitlin McCoy, Rennie Meyers, Thea Riofrancos, Xan Lillehei, Daniel Aldana Cohen (2022). Climate + Communities Project.
The authors propose transportation policies intended to improve access, mobility, and opportunity while reducing emissions and building durable infrastructure and workforce strategies. They argue for moving away from policies that increased greenhouse gases and air pollution while deepening social inequity. The report seeks to broaden decarbonization debate beyond electric vehicles and high-speed rail to the many disparate parts of the U.S. transportation system, including intra- and intercity rail. It pairs supply-side electric vehicle measures with a demand-side approach benefiting low- and middle-income households with few transit options rather than wealthy coastal buyers of luxury vehicles.
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Aligning Federal Investments in Transportation with Land-Use Planning Could Create More Equitable and Sustainable Communities
Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Charting Out a Next-Generation, Place-Based Federal Transportation Policy: Recommendations for More Equitable, Sustainable Mobility
Yonah Freemark and Harriet Tregoning (2022). Urban Institute.
The United States has concentrated transportation investment on automobility at the expense of sustainable options that expand access to opportunity for families with low incomes and people of color. The authors argue for a new federal place-based transportation policy framed around equitable and sustainable processes and outcomes, pursued through partnerships. The report sets out the shortcomings of the current federal approach and proposes strategies to improve it.
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Cracking the Zoning Code: Understanding local land-use regulations and how they can advance affordability and equity
Yonah Freemark, Lydia Lo, Owen Noble, and Ananya Hariharan (2022). Urban Institute.
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Funding More Equitable Projects with RAISE: A Short Guide to Using Federal RAISE Funds to Improve Communities
Yonah Freemark, Christina Stacy, and Becca Dedert (2022). Urban Institute.
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Homeownership in Assessments of Fair Housing: Examining the Use of Homeownership-Promoting Strategies in Local Assessments of Fair Housing
Katie Elder, Lydia Lo, and Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute.
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Homing In: What Types of Municipalities Are Adding Residential Units, And Which Are Mounting Barriers to Housing?
Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute.
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Housing Availability in the Puget Sound: Units Aren't Added Fast Enough—and They're Inequitably Distributed
Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute.
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How Can Cities Rapidly Expand Access to Cycling Infrastructure?
Wilton Oliver, Yonah Freemark, and Yipeng Su (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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In the US, Could Taxing Heavy Cars Be a First Step toward Reducing Pedestrian Fatalities?
Yonah Freemark and Wesley Jenkins (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Influencers, Bias, and Equity in Rezoning Cases: An Evaluation of Developer-Initiated Zoning Changes in Louisville, Kentucky
Lydia Lo and Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute.
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Making the Case for Improved Bicycling Infrastructure: An Analysis of the Final Mile Bicycle Infrastructure Program
Yonah Freemark, Yipeng Su, Wilton Oliver, and Olivia Fiol (2022). Urban Institute.
Between 2019 and 2021 the Final Mile program funded communications, advocacy, and engineering for cycling in Austin, Denver, New Orleans, Pittsburgh, and Providence. Drawing on stakeholder interviews and data on bike network extent, the authors find the program's continuous pressure on local officials effective: frequent meetings between city staff and advocates, funded advertising, and quantified investment goals. Program cities expanded protected cycling infrastructure far faster than comparable cities elsewhere. Gaps remain in building equitable networks and durable government-nonprofit partnerships, but the approach could be a model for advocates.
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Redefining Walkability: Examining equity and creating safer streets for all in DC
Peace Gwam, Owen Noble, and Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute.
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Regulations to Respond to the Potential Benefits and Perils of Self-Driving Cars: Analysis and Recommendations for Advancing Equity and Environmental Sustainability
Yonah Freemark, Christina Stacy, Olivia Fiol, and Jorge Morales-Burnett (2022). Urban Institute.
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The Polluted Life Near the Highway: A Review of National Scholarship and a Louisville Case Study
Gabe Samuels and Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute.
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Walkability Entails the Full Walking Experience, Not Just Access to Resources
Yonah Freemark, Owen Noble, and Peace Gwam (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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What Are the Emissions and Climate Implications of Land-Use Regulations?
Ananya Hariharan and Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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What Rising Gas and Rent Prices Mean for Families with Low Incomes
Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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What the Inflation Reduction Act Did, and Didn’t Do, for Sustainable Transportation
Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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What’s Driving Variation in Housing Supply Nationwide?
Yonah Freemark (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Why US Cities Are Investing in Safer, More-Connected Cycling Infrastructure
Olivia Fiol, Yonah Freemark, and Yipeng Su (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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With Carbon Emissions Higher Than Ever, Can We Tax Polluting Cars to Reduce Vehicle Pollution?
Yonah Freemark and Wesley Jenkins (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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With US Traffic Fatalities Rising, What Would It Take to Save Lives?
Yonah Freemark and Wesley Jenkins (2022). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Zoning Policy in the Puget Sound: Despite Progress, Much of the Region is Unwelcoming to Development
Yonah Freemark, Olivia Fiol, and Sophia Weng (2022). Urban Institute.
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Effective Zoning Reform Isn’t as Simple as It Seems
Yonah Freemark. City Lab, May 24, 2022.
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Without New Regulations, Self-Driving Cars Could Make Our Transportation System Even Worse
Yonah Freemark. Next City, November 14, 2022.
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Doubling housing production in the Paris region: A multi-policy, multi-jurisdictional paradigm
Yonah Freemark (2021). International Journal of Housing Policy 21(2): 291-305. DOI
Housing completions in the Paris region roughly doubled following reforms enacted across several levels of government. Freemark attributes the increase to a focus on social housing, use of publicly owned land, new financial and regulatory incentives, and enforcement of municipal obligations by higher-level governments. These policies reinforced one another as part of a shared metropolitan strategy rather than acting in isolation. Paris offers a model for other regions seeking to raise construction rates.
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After Massive Transit Losses during the Pandemic, Agencies Are Planning a Comeback
Jorge González-Hermoso and Yonah Freemark (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Congress’s Infrastructure Plan Could Be a Major Step toward Improved Intercity Rail—But Long-Term Commitment and Targeted Investments Are Necessary to Build Ridership
Yonah Freemark (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Expanding Federal Transit Operations Funding Could Help Achieve Equitable Access to Public Transportation
Yonah Freemark (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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In Search of Equitable Transit Operations: Examining Public Transportation Funding and Service across the United States
Yonah Freemark (2021). Urban Institute.
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In the Twin Cities, Affordable Homeownership Is Increasingly Inaccessible for Black Families
Yonah Freemark, Owen Noble, Yipeng Su, and Kimberly Burrowes (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Keys to Successful ADU Rollout in Louisville: Accessory Dwelling Unit Strategies to Build Better Communities for All
Yonah Freemark and Gabi Velasco (2021). Urban Institute.
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Lessons from France for Creating Inclusionary Housing by Mandating Citywide Affordability
Yonah Freemark (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Lessons from Overseas Could Improve the US’s Affordability Crisis
Yonah Freemark and Justin Steil (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Louisville Is Using Zoning Reform to Tackle Inequity. Could This Work for Other Cities?
Yonah Freemark and Gabi Velasco (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Mandating Access to Affordable Housing, City by City: Is France’s Fair-Share SRU Law a Model for U.S. Metropolitan Areas?
Yonah Freemark (2021). Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Working Paper WP21YF1.
France's 2000 SRU law requires many urban municipalities to dedicate at least 25 percent of their housing units to social housing by 2025 or face central-government penalties, including fines and the use of eminent domain. It is a stronger affordability mandate than any U.S. state has adopted, going beyond inclusionary zoning because it applies to all housing units rather than only new construction. Freemark conducts the first comprehensive evaluation of the reform's effectiveness, asking whether it spread subsidized housing more equitably across metropolitan areas. He examines its relevance to the United States, where segregation and exclusion are arguably more entrenched.
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On the Horizon: Planning for Post-Pandemic Travel
Yonah Freemark, Jorge González-Hermoso, Jorge Morales-Burnett, Preeti Shankar, Cyatharine Alias, and Heidy Persaud (2021). American Public Transportation Association.
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Reconciliation Bill Funding Could Help Localities Fight Exclusionary Zoning
Yonah Freemark and Owen Noble (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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The Rise of Market-Reliant Affordable Housing Tools: Findings from the National Longitudinal Land Use Survey
Patrick Spauster, Lydia Lo, and Yonah Freemark (2021). Urban Institute.
Drawing on two decades of the National Longitudinal Land Use Survey, this brief examines how communities have changed land-use policy to generate affordable housing. It documents a decline in government-organized housing trust funds and a shift toward market-reliant tools such as inclusionary zoning and zoning incentives. Localities increasingly rely on private-market actors to produce affordable housing as part of their normal business rather than paying to develop it directly. The result may be less housing support for low- and moderate-income families in the communities that need it most.
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The Ways Transit Agencies Adapted during the Pandemic Can Inform an Equitable Recovery
Jorge Morales-Burnett and Yonah Freemark (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Throughout History, the US Failed to Integrate Transportation and Land Use. It’s Still Hindering Policymaking Today
Yonah Freemark (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Transit Ridership Dropped at Heavy Rail Stations during the COVID-19 Pandemic, but Ridership Change Depended on Neighborhood Characteristics
Yonah Freemark (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Understanding the Black-White Homeownership Gap in the Twin Cities: Who is experiencing the most harm, and what strategies can help?
Yonah Freemark, Owen Noble, and Yipeng Su (2021). Urban Institute.
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US Public Transit Has Struggled to Retain Riders over the Past Half Century. Reversing This Trend Could Advance Equity and Sustainability
Yonah Freemark (2021). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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What Does the Rise in Single-Family Rentals Mean for the Twin Cities? Implications for equitable housing and ownership opportunities
Yonah Freemark, Owen Noble, and Yipeng Su (2021). Urban Institute.
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Who Owns the Twin Cities? An Analysis of Racialized Ownership Trends in Hennepin and Ramsey Counties
Yonah Freemark, Owen Noble, and Yipeng Su (2021). Urban Institute.
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How to ensure Biden's climate-focused transportation plans turn out sustainable and equitable
Yonah Freemark. The Hill, April 1, 2021. Op-ed.
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Policies for autonomy: How American cities envision regulating automated vehicles
Yonah Freemark, Anne Hudson, and Jinhua Zhao (2020). Urban Science 4(4): 55. DOI
Drawing on a national survey of municipal officials, this paper examines support for autonomous-vehicle policies that scholars recommend but cities rarely implement. It finds broad personal support for regulations governing right-of-way, equity, and land use, such as widening pedestrian space, expanding access for low-income people, and curbing sprawl. Officials doubted their bureaucratic and legal capacity to intervene beyond those areas, reaffirming the limits of local power in the federal system, and only a minority expected political backing for any policy. Larger populations and more liberal electorates were strongly associated with support.
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Upzoning Chicago: Impacts of a Zoning Reform on Property Values and Housing Construction
Yonah Freemark (2020). Urban Affairs Review 56(3), 758-789. DOI
Chicago upzoned parcels near transit, raising allowed densities and cutting parking requirements independently of development plans or neighborhood conditions. Using difference-in-differences tests on property transactions and building permits, Freemark finds significant and robust increases in the value of upzoned parcels, and higher prices for existing condominiums. Over five years, however, the reform produced no measurable increase in newly permitted dwellings. The short-term, local effect of upzoning was therefore higher property prices without additional housing construction.
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Varieties of urbanism: A comparative view of metropolitan fragmentation and inequality
Yonah Freemark, Justin Steil, and Kathleen Thelen (2020). Politics & Society 48(2): 235-274. DOI
Examining five metropolitan areas in North America and Europe, the authors distinguish two dimensions of metropolitan fragmentation: jurisdictional proliferation, which divides regions into ever more governments, and resource hoarding through exclusion, parochialism, and fiscal competition. The United States is unusual in combining institutional arrangements that both facilitate fragmentation and reward it. Cases outside the U.S. show policies that curb proliferation or close off resource hoarding. Mitigating fragmentation's inequality effects is possible, but requires targeting the specific governance features that produce it.
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Mobility politics: local ideologies in the multi-jurisdictional metropolis
Yonah Freemark (2020). PhD Dissertation for MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning.
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Four Local Housing Policy Implications from the 2020 Elections
Aaron Shroyer and Yonah Freemark (2020). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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What Would Providing Every City with High-Quality, Zero-Emissions Public Transportation Look Like?
Yonah Freemark (2020). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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When Voting Patterns Determine How We Get Around: Characteristics of local support for transit referenda in the 2020 elections
Yonah Freemark (2020). Urban Institute Urban Wire.
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Congress Failed to Make Cash Assistance Universal. Now Local Governments Must Step Up
Yonah Freemark. The Appeal, March 31, 2020. Op-ed.
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The Coronavirus Crisis Means We Need Cash Assistance For All
Yonah Freemark. The Appeal, March 19, 2020. Op-ed.
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Too Little, Too Late? A Decade of Transit Investment in the U.S.
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, January 8, 2020. (from The Transport Politic)
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Are Cities Prepared for Autonomous Vehicles? Planning for Technological Change by U.S. Local Governments
Yonah Freemark, Anne Hudson, and Jinhua Zhao (2019). Journal of the American Planning Association 85(2), 133-151. DOI
Reviewing plans from the 25 largest U.S. cities and surveying transportation and planning officials in 120 municipalities, the authors find that few local governments have begun planning for autonomous vehicles. Larger, faster-growing cities are more likely to be prepared. Officials are broadly optimistic that the technology could improve safety while cutting congestion, costs, and pollution, but more than a third worry it will increase vehicle miles traveled and sprawl while eroding transit ridership and local revenues. Those concerns are associated with greater willingness to regulate, varying with political ideology, government spending, and density.
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Metropolis on the water: Varieties of development logics along the Seine
Yonah Freemark (2019). Projections 14. DOI
Scholars of the neoliberal turn expect cities to use waterfront projects as spatially isolated bids to attract investment. Studying postwar development along the Seine through planning documents and official statements, Freemark finds that Paris officials promoted global status while also increasingly emphasizing affordable housing. They encouraged designs prioritizing local needs over tourists and forging links to surrounding neighborhoods. Paris's projects thus reflect a diversity of development logics, including some conducive to social equity, challenging the idea that contemporary urbanism is converging on a single model.
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The Privatization of American Public Housing: Leaving the Poorest of the Poor Behind
Lawrence Vale and Yonah Freemark (2019). In The Routledge Handbook of Housing Policy and Planning, edited by Katrin B. Anacker, Mai Thi Nguyen, and David P. Varady. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. 189-206. DOI
Per capita federal commitment to deep housing subsidies has declined since the early 1990s. This chapter charts the evolution of federal housing programs over time, showing how the meaning and execution of public housing shifted and diversified alongside new roles for the private sector. Private interests were involved from the program's inception even as private real estate opposed it outright. From the late 1950s, policymakers gradually shifted responsibility to private developers through project-based subsidies, to private landlords through tenant-based vouchers, and to private investors and nonprofit developers.
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MoveChicago.net: A 2019 Chicago Sustainable Transportation Platform
Lynda Lopez, Yonah Freemark, and Steven Vance (2019).
Lynda Lopez, Yonah Freemark, and Steven Vance developed a platform for equitable, sustainable, and livable mobility in Chicago. They propose six key interventions: (a) better bus service citywide; (b) an integrated CTA and Metra system with fair fares; (c) making more room for more walkers and bikers; (d) creating new high-quality transit lines; (e) committing to equitable transit-oriented development; and (f) stopping wasteful projects before they get off the ground.
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Housing Arguments Over SB 50 Distort My Upzoning Study. Here’s How to Get Zoning Changes Right
Yonah Freemark. The Frisc, May 22, 2019.
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How the French are fixing a housing crisis comparable to California’s
Yonah Freemark. San Francisco Chronicle, December 26, 2019. Op-ed.
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On the waterfront in New York and Paris, an interplay of politics and housing
Yonah Freemark. Global Planning Educators Interest Group, August 14, 2019.
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Upzoning Chicago: Impacts of a Zoning Reform on Property Values and Housing Construction
Yonah Freemark. Urban Affairs Forum, March 29, 2019.
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Challenges in the Creation of Mixed-Use Affordable Housing: Measuring and Explaining Its Limited Prevalence
Yonah Freemark (2018). Housing Policy Debate 28(6), 1004-1021. DOI
Freemark builds the first database of mixed-use Low-Income Housing Tax Credit buildings in Chicago by analyzing imagery. Only 5 percent of LIHTC structures include commercial uses, and those are concentrated in wealthier, whiter, already retail-heavy neighborhoods. Stakeholder interviews attribute the low rate to conflicting government policies, difficulty securing financing amid perceptions of weak retail demand and investor preference for reliable returns, and design constraints.
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A Transportation Platform for Chicago's Next Mayor
Yonah Freemark. City Lab, October 4, 2018.
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Build Housing, Not Transportation
Yonah Freemark. Grist, May 9, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Atlanta: Existing transit
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, February 23, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Atlanta: Future projects
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, June 2, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Atlanta: Land use
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, March 2, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Atlanta: Recent investments
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, March 9, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Indianapolis: Existing transit
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, June 9, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Indianapolis: Land use
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, June 22, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Indianapolis: Network redesign
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, July 11, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Indianapolis: Recent investment
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, June 30, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Introduction
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, February 16, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Los Angeles: Existing transit
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, August 23, 2017.
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Getting Transit Right — Los Angeles: Land use
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, September 15, 2017.
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How Safer Streets Can Thwart Terrorists
Yonah Freemark. The New York Times, November 3, 2017. Op-ed.
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In the Chicago region, the way you get around really depends on where you live—and where you work
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, July 27, 2016.
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Investing by the mile instead of the gallon
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, April 14, 2016.
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Repopulating the city through more housing choice
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, April 28, 2016.
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Speeding up the bus
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, June 23, 2016.
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Transportation users, traveling in different ways throughout the year
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, March 2, 2016.
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What you need to know about Chicago’s downtown zoning proposal
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, April 15, 2016.
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Why are our trains more crowded than ever even as population declines in Chicago?
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, May 26, 2016.
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Why our L map looks the way it does
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, March 30, 2016.
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How Christchurch is Reimagining the Cityscape
Yonah Freemark. Travel + Leisure, 2016.
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How to Build a Streetcar that Works
Yonah Freemark. The New York Times, February 10, 2016. Op-ed.
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In Japan, Transit is Light Years Ahead
Yonah Freemark. Travel + Leisure, 2016.
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Solving Chicago’s Affordable Housing Conundrum
Yonah Freemark. American Planning Association, June 27, 2016.
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Myth #5: Public Housing Ended in Failure during the 1970s
Yonah Freemark (2015). In Public Housing Myths: Perception, Reality, and Social Policy, edited by Nicholas Dagen Bloom, Fritz Umbach, and Lawrence J. Vale. 121-138. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. DOI
This chapter disputes the enduring myth that public housing was ended in the 1970s because it had proven unworkable. Freemark uncovers a more complex picture of the policy decisions of the period. Opposition to conventional public housing founded on perceptions of failure did exist in the early 1970s, but those criticisms were not what determined the administration's choices.
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Twin Parks
Yonah Freemark and Susanne Schindler (2015). In Affordable Housing in New York: The People, Places, and Policies that Transformed a City, edited by Nicholas Dagen Bloom and Matthew Gordon Lasner. 226-230. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
This chapter traces the history of Twin Parks, a 2,250-unit affordable housing complex completed in the Bronx in the mid-1970s. Built by New York State's Urban Development Corporation, it featured innovative urban and architectural design, including contributions from Richard Meier and James Polshek. The authors argue the project gave residents distinctive living spaces in a mixed-income setting. Now privately owned and operating with public subsidies, Twin Parks has suffered poor maintenance but remains a desirable place to live for many.
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Bus on shoulder builds Pace ridership
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, November 5, 2015.
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Chicago’s transit system is suffering under the weight of underinvestment and New York’s new capital plan demonstrates how much catching up we have to do
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, October 21, 2015.
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Grow Chicago: Growing near transit benefits us all
Yonah Freemark and Stephanie Lotshaw (2015). Metropolitan Planning Council and Institute for Transportation and Development Policy.
In addition to the report, Grow Chicago was an interactive website that demonstrated the value of transit-oriented development (TOD) for the future growth of the City of Chicago. The website featured a “TOD Calculator” which allowed users to “design” a development proposal for any parcel in the city of Chicago. The Calculator indicated what zoning regulations allow to be constructed on the parcel, including uses, square footage, housing units, and parking requirements and demand. It demonstrated what the positive community benefits from the development could be, such as increased tax revenues, more local retail sales, and transit rides.
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How Chicago could revamp its parking requirements like Minneapolis
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, June 18, 2015.
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Logan Square Corridor Development Initiative
Yonah Freemark and Breann Gala (2015). Metropolitan Planning Council.
With Breann Gala and in association with several community groups and Alderman Ray Colon of the 35th Ward, the Metropolitan Planning Council led a neighborhood consultation process on several publicly owned sites in Chicago’s Logan Square community in October 2014. This process was conducted in the same manner the Uptown consultation. It engaged more than 900 people through the three meetings, online polling, and text message polling. Since the meetings were conducted, the community’s aldermen, community groups and others have worked to push forward development on the parking lot adjacent to the station, which ultimately resulted in the 100-unit affordable housing Lucy Gonzalez Parsons Apartments. MPC’s initiative was effective in raising the importance of the site for building more housing in the community.
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Moving slowly toward less car dependent cities
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, October 8, 2015.
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Why should Chicago focus growth near transit?
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, April 22, 2015.
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Developing More Sustainable, Connected Port Zone
Yonah Freemark. Urban Land, November 30, 2015.
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For Urban Living that Benefits All, Cities Need a Comprehensive Strategy
Yonah Freemark. Living Cities, August 19, 2015.
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How Cuomo Could Learn from Rockefeller
Yonah Freemark. The New York Times, August 18, 2015. Letter to the editor.
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Streetcars: Transportation First, then Economic Development
Yonah Freemark. Urban Land, June 10, 2015.
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With Better Funding, City Buses Could Fill Transit Voids
Yonah Freemark. Urban Land, September 2, 2015.
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Uptown Corridor Development Initiative
Yonah Freemark and Breann Gala (2014). Metropolitan Planning Council.
In association with several community groups and Alderman James Cappleman of the 46th Ward, the Metropolitan Planning Council led a neighborhood consultation process on several publicly owned sites in Chicago’s Uptown community. The process, which asked participants to develop project ideas for a former school building and areas around a Chicago Transit Authority rail station, engaged hundreds of people and resulted in strong public interest. The process included three major public meetings, which involved polling, a charette, and financial analysis of project ideas. The report resulted in the sale of the school to a developer, which reconstructed the school for residential use. MPC’s work provided the spark and generated community support for the reuse of this well-located building.
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Before you complain about the CTA again, read this
Yonah Freemark. Crain's Chicago Business, October 21, 2014.
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Have U.S. Light Rail Systems Been Worth the Investment?
Yonah Freemark. City Lab, April 10, 2014.
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Why can’t the United States build a high-speed rail system?
Yonah Freemark. City Lab, August 13, 2014.
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Why More U.S. Cities Need to Embrace Bus-Rapid Transit
Yonah Freemark. City Lab, February 25, 2014.
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Why Telecommuting Really Matters
Yonah Freemark. City Lab, February 4, 2014.
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Assessing Journey Time Impacts of Disruptions on London's Piccadilly Line
Yonah Freemark (2013). Master's thesis for MIT Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
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The entrepreneurial state: New York's Urban Development Corporation, an experiment to take charge of affordable housing production, 1968–1975
Yonah Freemark (2013). Master's thesis for MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning.
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Illiana Questions and Answers
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, August 29, 2013.
The research about the potential impacts of the proposed Illiana Expressway, involved analysis of government documents, comparisons with projects in other states, investigation of top infrastructure needs in the region, and an original study of travel times for drivers and truckers. It found evidence that the project was not beneficial for the region as a whole, particularly at its multi-billion-dollar cost. The analysis was cited by a number of media articles and supported a growing regional opposition to the project, which included the decision of the City of Chicago, Cook County, and the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning Board to vote against the project. The State of Illinois announced in 2015 that the project was being cancelled.
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Making way for people by rethinking the street
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, June 27, 2013.
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Shutting down lines for renovation may be the wave of the future
Yonah Freemark. Metropolitan Planning Council, May 30, 2013.
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The Public Transportation Network in Northeastern Illinois: An Analysis of Existing Conditions
Yonah Freemark (2013). Metropolitan Planning Council.
To complement the State of Illinois’ Public Transit Task Force in fall 2013, the Metropolitan Planning Council conducted an in-depth analysis of the conditions of the public transportation system in the Chicago region. The research, which was cited in the media as well as the Task Force’s final report, found that the Chicago region was investing considerably less in its transit system than peer cities, and that this lack of investment was producing declining ridership. The research was also quoted extensively in the 2014 OECD paper on transport in Chicago.
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Why high-speed rail is safe, smart
Yonah Freemark. CNN, July 26, 2013.
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Will they or won’t they? The romance between Obama & high-speed rail
Yonah Freemark. Next City, February 26, 2013.
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From Public Housing to Public-Private Housing: 75 Years of American Social Experimentation
Lawrence Vale and Yonah Freemark (2012). Journal of the American Planning Association 78(4), 379-402. DOI
American public housing since 1937 is often treated as a single failed experiment, a view that masks a far more differentiated experience for residents and housing authorities. The authors reframe the history as a succession of informal social experiments: early efforts to clear slums and house the working poor and worthy elderly; a 30-year interlude consolidating the poorest into welfare housing while shifting responsibility to private landlords, developers, and investors; and partnerships since 1990 reserving more public-private housing for a less-poor constituency. Charting the shifting mode-share of public housing, they show that the public sector's reduced role has curtailed deeply subsidized provision for the lowest-income Americans.
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Driving in Circles: Downtown Providence Got Rid of its Highway. Can it Lose its Dependence on Cars?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, June 2012.
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Freakonomics Quorum: Can Amtrak Ever be Profitable?
Yonah Freemark. Freakonomics, January 5, 2012.
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Illogical Housing Aid
Yonah Freemark and Lawrence Vale. The New York Times, October 31, 2012. Op-ed.
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Speeding toward tomorrow: PPPs in high-speed rail
Yonah Freemark. International Finance Corporation Handshake, October 2012.
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State Infrastructure Banks: The Solution to America’s Infrastructure Woes?
Yonah Freemark. City Lab, January 2, 2012.
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Roosevelt Island: Exception to a City in Crisis
Yonah Freemark (2011). Journal of Urban History 37(3), 355-383. DOI
Roosevelt Island's 1970s development used public resources to build a mixed-income, mixed-race neighborhood from scratch. Freemark examines how local actors designed and constructed it, taking advantage of favorable conditions and making deliberate political choices even as political and financial support deteriorated. The case contrasts with the usual account of government housing failure. It suggests that determined leadership, stable funding, and a good location can let the public sector create healthy, heterogeneous neighborhoods.
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Has the Renaissance of Downtowns Been Overhyped?
Yonah Freemark. City Lab, September 30, 2011.
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The Catch-22 of Red-Light Cameras
Yonah Freemark. City Lab, October 28, 2011.
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A Renovated Station for Chicago is the Latest in the Privatization of Infrastructure
Yonah Freemark. Next City, November 10, 2010.
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Abandoning Long-Term Revenue for a Quick Fix
Yonah Freemark. Next City, December 10, 2010.
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Alaska Plans 2
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, April 15, 2010.
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Are Pedestrian Malls the Future or the Relic of Antiquated Thinking?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, May 3, 2010.
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Are Urban Farms the Best Hope for Struggling American Cities?
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, April 14, 2010.
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As Suburban Poverty Grows, U.S. Fails to Respond Adequately
Yonah Freemark. Next City, October 12, 2010.
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As the South and West Grow, the Urban Agenda Should Adjust Accordingly
Yonah Freemark. Next City, December 23, 2010.
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Bixi Bike Sharing Goes Global, and With it, the City of Montréal
Yonah Freemark. Next City, February 12, 2010.
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Bringing Transit Decision-Making Back into the Political Sphere
Yonah Freemark. Next City, October 20, 2010.
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Can Commuter Vans Stand in for Traditional Transit Along Lightly Traveled Routes?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, July 2, 2010.
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Can the Densities of Some Neighborhoods be Too Low for Transit to Work?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, April 20, 2010.
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Cars, Highways, and the Poor
Yonah Freemark. Dissent, 2010.
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Clarksdale’s Blues Museum Lays the Foundation for the City’s Future
Yonah Freemark. Next City, August 23, 2010.
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Congress Threatens to Restore Unequal Tax Treatment Between Car Drivers and Transit Users
Yonah Freemark. Next City, November 19, 2010.
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Connecting People to Jobs in Far-Flung Metropolitan Areas
Yonah Freemark. Next City, March 25, 2010.
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Driven Over By I-69
Yonah Freemark. Next City, August 19, 2010.
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Envisioning a Different Kind of Region
Yonah Freemark. Next City, September 16, 2010.
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Finding a Market for the Electric Car
Yonah Freemark. Next City, November 17, 2010.
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Finding Appropriate Tools to Mitigate the Construction Process
Yonah Freemark. Next City, July 27, 2010.
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For an Increasingly Urban Nashville, the Waterfront is the Place for Change
Yonah Freemark. Next City, August 16, 2010.
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Have Streetcars Adequately Demonstrated their Development-Generation Potential?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, September 27, 2010.
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Hidden in the Tax Code, a Potential Surplus of Transportation Funds
Yonah Freemark. Next City, May 10, 2010.
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HUD Unveils Winners of Sustainable Communities Awards
Yonah Freemark. Next City, October 15, 2010.
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If High-Speed Rail Brings Economic Aid to Struggling Cities, Will it Subdue Local Culture?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, September 30, 2010.
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If Transit Investment Produces Jobs, Why Isn’t There More of It?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, September 2, 2010.
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Improving Planning Decision-Making, Thanks to an Infusion of Foundation Funds
Yonah Freemark. Next City, May 18, 2010.
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In New Haven, a Fence Separates City from Suburb
Yonah Freemark. Next City, February 20, 2010.
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In Praise of Fast Transit, Vital to Spreading Equality of Access in Large Metros
Yonah Freemark. Next City, April 26, 2010.
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In Remembering a Long-Abandoned Project, Nostalgia for Grand Plans
Yonah Freemark. Next City, December 1, 2010.
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Integration in Chicago - On the Train, if Not in Housing
Yonah Freemark. Next City, November 9, 2010.
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Is Bike Sharing Doomed in America?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, 2010.
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Is Effective Decision Making Possible at the Regional Scale?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, September 21, 2010.
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Is Indonesia Making a Potentially Disastrous Gamble with High-Speed Rail?
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, January 8, 2010.
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Just How Much More Security do we Need in Transit?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, May 25, 2010.
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Knoxville’s Market Square Shows Pedestrian-Only Spaces Can Work, Too
Yonah Freemark. Next City, August 11, 2010.
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LA Hosts a Street Summit
Yonah Freemark. Next City, March 19, 2010.
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Leveraging Existing Transit Assets for New Transit-Oriented Development
Yonah Freemark. Next City, June 8, 2010.
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Look out? Building a BRT Line in California is no Simple Matter
Yonah Freemark. Next City, September 9, 2010.
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Looking Back: Urbanism in John Lindsay’s New York
Yonah Freemark. Next City, June 14, 2010.
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Maryland Battles Between Heavy and Light Rail
Yonah Freemark. Next City, April 9, 2010.
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Maryland Promotes Development Around Transit
Yonah Freemark. Next City, June 21, 2010.
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Massive Urban Development Projects Put in Question the Necessity of Easy Transit Connections
Yonah Freemark. Next City, June 17, 2010.
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Minding the Gaps
Yonah Freemark. Next City, 2010.
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New Orleans Could be Up for Radical Change with the Removal of a Highway
Yonah Freemark. Next City, September 1, 2010.
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Opposition to a Bus Rapid Transit System is More than Just NIMBYism
Yonah Freemark. Next City, September 10, 2010.
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Raleigh’s Downtown Upgrade Pans Out
Yonah Freemark. Next City, August 2, 2010.
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Raleigh’s Streetscape Renewal, Part of an Integrated Effort to Transform Downtown
Yonah Freemark. Next City, August 4, 2010.
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Rallies for Transportation Underscore the Need for Funding Reform
Yonah Freemark. Next City, April 21, 2010.
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Seattle’s Light Rail System Expands East to Bellevue, Meeting Big Controversy
Yonah Freemark. Next City, February 20, 2010.
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St. Louis Transit Gets Transparent
Yonah Freemark. Next City, February 10, 2010.
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Summer Streets Gain Prominence Nationwide
Yonah Freemark. Next City, June 1, 2010.
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The Administration’s Big Streetcar Push Could Implode with New Congress
Yonah Freemark. Next City, December 7, 2010.
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The American Poor Spread to Suburbia, But We’re Not Ready
Yonah Freemark. Next City, February 25, 2010.
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The Federal Government Cares Too Much About State DOTs, and That’s a Problem
Yonah Freemark. Next City, March 11, 2010.
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The Lab that Could Create an Earthquake-Proof Building
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, March 3, 2010.
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The Safety Problem
Yonah Freemark. Next City, October 29, 2010.
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The Sidewalks of Today and Tomorrow: Is Concrete Our Only Option?
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, February 22, 2010.
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Tracking the Rise of Inner City Household Incomes Reveals an Increasing Spatial Divide
Yonah Freemark. Next City, December 16, 2010.
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Transit as a Development Tool, But in Whose Interest?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, May 17, 2010.
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Transit-Friendly Neighbors, Removed from Transit-Friendly Neighborhoods?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, October 22, 2010.
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Transportation Should be Fodder for Serious Political Debate
Yonah Freemark. Next City, March 8, 2010.
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We Keep Riding Transit, Despite the Risks
Yonah Freemark. Next City, March 31, 2010.
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What’s Being Built in Vancouver? A Sneak Peak at the Olympic Construction
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, February 11, 2010.
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When Planning is Inadequately Comprehensive
Yonah Freemark. Next City, October 7, 2010.
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When Transit Strays from Its Social Goals
Yonah Freemark. Next City, July 14, 2010.
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When You Get the Chance to Build a New Subway Station, Take Full Advantage
Yonah Freemark. Next City, June 4, 2010.
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When You’re Building Green, Don’t Forget the Transportation Component
Yonah Freemark. Next City, July 8, 2010.
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Who Will Clear the Seabeds of WWII Mines for Gas Pipelines? Robots
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, February 16, 2010.
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Why is Joel Kotkin Extolling the Virtues of Suburbia?
Yonah Freemark. Next City, March 2, 2010.
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With a $775 Million Downpayment, the Feds Rush in to Rescue Bus Service
Yonah Freemark. Next City, May 5, 2010.
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“Vive Rive Gauche” and “The Grand Scheme”
Yonah Freemark. Planning, February 2010.
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9 Fascinating and Futuristic Bus Stops
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, September 16, 2009.
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A Few Thoughts on Obama’s Rail Plan
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, April 16, 2009.
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A Vibrant US Train Industry Would Employ More People than Car Markers Do Now
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, May 19, 2009.
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America’s Streetcar Renaissance
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, May 4, 2009.
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Buses of the Future
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, April 1, 2009.
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Comparison Shopping for Transit Systems
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, May 13, 2009.
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Could New York City Run Entirely on Green Power?
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, March 18, 2009.
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Demolished! 11 Beautiful Train Stations That Fell to the Wrecking Ball
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, June 22, 2009.
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Department of Demographics: Who Rides Transit?
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, May 22, 2009.
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Does Mysterious Math Law Really Predict the Size of Our Cities
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, May 27, 2009.
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Four Innovations That Could Make Long-Distance Air Travel Greener
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, June 2, 2009.
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Highways to Nowhere: The 7 Most Ridiculous New Roads Being Built in America
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, March 16, 2009.
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Meet the Train Makers: Alstom
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, November 16, 2009.
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New High Speed Rail Projects Around the World
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, April 6, 2009.
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The Four Highway Projects that Would be the Biggest Waste of Money
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, December 16, 2009.
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The Future of American Streetcars: Are they Coming to Your City?
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, December 7, 2009.
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The Future of Streetlights: 6 Brilliant New Concepts
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, April 28, 2009.
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The World’s 5 Most Ambitious Megaprojects
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, May 28, 2009.
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The World’s 7 Best High Speed Rail Networks
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, March 26, 2009.
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We Need an Ambitious Transpo Bill. So How Are We Going to Pay for it?
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, April 29, 2009.
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What’s Up with Maglev? 6 Current Proposals to Build Floating Trains
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, September 24, 2009.
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What’s Wrong with SAFETEA-LU - and Why the Next Bill Must be Better
Yonah Freemark. Streetsblog, April 27, 2009.
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Why Glaeser Got it Wrong: Re-Running the Numbers on High-Speed Rail
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, August 25, 2009.
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Will There Ever be Vertical Farms in Manhattan?
Yonah Freemark. The Infrastructurist, March 23, 2009.
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RTP must be reworked
Yonah Freemark. The News and Observer, September 6, 2005.
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